英语-动词的时态(五)

  57 浏览    作者:admin

丨纠错提交丨

现在完成时

1)现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),这个动作或状态可能已经结束,也可能还要持续下去。

其构成形式是: have/ has + 动词过去分词

否定句在have/ has 后加nothaven’t/ hasn’t

疑问句要将have/ has放到主语之前。

2)现在完成时的用法。

 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有:already, yet, ever, never, just等。如:

I have already finished the work.

Have you ever been to Beijing?

He has never seen such a nice car.

 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

for + 时间段;

since + 时间点(表时间段);时间段+ago;一般过去时态。如:

I have taught in this school for ten years.

I have taught in this school since ten years ago.

 forsince引导的短语都表示“一段时间”,所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词,不能用非延续性动词。延续性动词表示该动词可以延续一段时间,如:live, work, study, teach, stay等,非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续,是短暂的、瞬间完成的,如:borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die等。

许多非延续性动词可以用意思相同或相近的延续性动词来表示:

leave ---- be away from    arrive ---- be in

go ---- be away  come ---- be in / at   finish ---- be over

buy ---- have   borrow ---- keep   die ---- be dead

join ---- be in/be a member of  begin ---- be on

如:He has gone     He has been away for an hour

I have bought a watch   I have had the watch for several days

 have/ has been to  have/ has gone to

have/ has been to :曾去过

have/ has gone to :已去,去了(不在说话现场,在途中或已经到达)

My mother has been to America. 我妈妈曾经去过美国

My mother has gone to America. 我妈妈已经去了美国

3)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

  一般过去时只单纯表示过去,和现在不发生联系,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和确定的过去的时间状语连用。如:

We have visited the farm(现在对农场有所了解)

We visited the farm last week(说明上周参观农场这件事)

 如果询问某事发生的时间、地点只能用一般过去时。如:

When did you lose your cat ?

I lost it last night.   I found it in the garden.

Copyright © www.okux.cn 版权所有(邮箱:god-gold@foxmail.com)